Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai

The Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) stands as a unique architectural achievement in the global landscape of higher education, specifically designed to unify the vast research and developmental capabilities of India's Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) under a cohesive academic umbrella. Established in 2005 as a Deemed to be University under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956, and recognized as a Grant-in-aid Institution of the DAE in 2014, HBNI serves as the primary engine for human resource development in the critical sector of nuclear science and engineering. The institution’s mission is fundamentally linked to the pursuit of excellence in sciences and mathematics in a manner that directly supports the progress of indigenous nuclear technological capability. By integrating ten premier R&D centers and three off-campus centers, HBNI provides an academic framework that facilitates the translation of basic research into sophisticated technological applications.

Historical Evolution and Foundational Mandate

The genesis of HBNI can be traced back to the vision of Dr. Homi J. Bhabha, who emphasized the necessity of a self-reliant scientific workforce to power India's nuclear energy ambitions. Long before the formal incorporation of the university, the DAE operated a specialized "Training School" at Trombay since 1957 to prepare scientists and engineers for the complexities of nuclear power and its three-stage program. As the DAE expanded its mandate to include applications in agriculture, healthcare, and industry, the need for a university-level framework became evident. In 2003, the DAE Science Research Council recommended the creation of an institute that could grant academic degrees for the advanced research being conducted across its various units. This culminated in the notification of HBNI on June 3, 2005, by the Government of India, following an evaluation by an expert committee appointed by the UGC.

The establishment of HBNI ensured that DAE scientific establishments remained at the global forefront of research, comparable with the best international standards. The institute was not merely designed to be a degree-granting body but to act as a catalyst for inter-disciplinary inquiry, particularly in areas like molten salt chemistry, high-temperature thermodynamics, and radiation technologies in medicine. This historical trajectory underscores a shift from vocational training to a rigorous academic environment where students participate directly in the nation's nuclear energy program.

Institutional Architecture and Governance

HBNI is characterized by a distributed, unitary structure that allows it to operate across multiple campuses while maintaining centralized academic standards. The institute’s headquarters is located in Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, which serves as the central administrative hub for its Constituent Institutions (CIs) and Off-Campus Centres (OCCs).

Constituent Institutions (CIs)

The ten CIs of HBNI represent the apex of India’s nuclear and fundamental research infrastructure. Each CI maintains its own operational identity while adhering to the academic regulations of HBNI.

Off-Campus Centres (OCCs)

The expansion of HBNI's academic reach is further facilitated by three OCCs, which focus on undergraduate science education and specialized healthcare:

• National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar: Focuses on high-level science education at the undergraduate and integrated masters levels.

• Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (HBCH & MPMMCC), Varanasi: A critical hub for medical and health sciences in Northern India.

• Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (HBCH & RC), New Chandigarh: The newest OCC, enhancing the institute’s footprint in specialized oncology training.

Governance and Administrative Framework

The management of HBNI is governed by the Council of Management, which serves as the principal executive body. Academic affairs are the purview of the Academic Council, which is supported by various Boards of Studies (BoS). These boards ensure that the curriculum and research standards across different disciplines remain rigorous and current. The primary Boards of Studies include:

• Applied System Analysis

• Chemical Sciences

• Engineering Sciences

• Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering

• Life Sciences

• Mathematical Sciences

• Medical and Health Sciences

• Physical Sciences

To maintain efficiency in its distributed model, each CI and OCC has a designated Dean-Academic and Dean (Students' Affairs) to oversee local administrative and student welfare issues, while a Standing Committee of Deans meets twice a year to synchronize academic matters across the institute.

Pedagogical Spectrum and Academic Programs

HBNI offers a comprehensive range of programs designed to create a pipeline of skilled professionals for the nuclear sector and beyond. As of early 2025, the institute has awarded over 2,900 Ph.D. degrees and 1,600 M.Tech degrees, reflecting its massive contribution to India’s scientific human resource pool.

Doctoral and Integrated Programs

The Ph.D. program is the institution's hallmark, offering research opportunities in seven major disciplinary domains. A unique feature of HBNI’s doctoral research is the encouragement of inter-disciplinary studies, allowing students to have co-guides from different CIs or departments to leverage diverse expertise.

Engineering and Master’s Degrees

The institute’s master's programs are deeply integrated with the operational needs of the DAE. The M.Tech programs, offered at BARC, IGCAR, RRCAT, VECC, and IPR, typically involve one year of rigorous coursework followed by one year of project work focused on real-world engineering challenges in the nuclear sector. The M.Sc. (Engg.) program is specifically tailored for DAE employees, with a stronger emphasis on research, requiring a 1.5-year project component.

Medical and Paramedical Excellence

Through the Tata Memorial Centre, HBNI is a global leader in oncology education. It offers post-graduate medical degrees (MD) and super-specialty degrees (DM and M.Ch.) in specialized domains like surgical oncology and head and neck surgery. Additionally, it offers unique programs like M.Sc. in Nursing (Oncology), M.Sc. in Clinical Research, and the KEVAT Patient Navigation Course, which is a collaborative effort with the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) to improve patient care pathways.

Five-Year Integrated M.Sc.

NISER Bhubaneswar offers a flagship five-year integrated M.Sc. program in Chemical, Life, Mathematical, and Physical Sciences. This program is designed for high-potential students entering after the 12th grade and includes a flexible curriculum where students can obtain a minor in a discipline other than their major.

Admission Process and Rigorous Eligibility Standards

Admission to HBNI is highly selective, utilizing both national-level examinations and internal screening processes to ensure that only the most capable candidates enter the strategic nuclear sector.

Eligibility Framework for Science and Engineering

Selection Protocols

The selection for doctoral programs often involves a two-stage process: an initial screening based on national test scores followed by a rigorous personal interview to assess research aptitude and suitability for working in high-security, high-technology environments. For engineering graduates entering via the BARC Training School (OCES/DGFS scheme), the performance in the one-year orientation course determines eligibility for enrollment in the M.Tech program at HBNI.

Medical admissions at TMC and BARC are strictly governed by the National Board of Examinations through the NEET-PG and NEET-SS protocols, ensuring that the super-specialty oncology training meets national healthcare standards.

World-Class Infrastructure and Specialized Research Facilities

HBNI provides its students with access to research infrastructure that is largely unavailable in traditional university settings. These facilities range from large-scale nuclear reactors to ultra-high vacuum chambers and advanced clinical labs.

Nuclear and Fusion Facilities

The institute's presence at BARC and IPR allows students to engage with some of the most complex machines ever built in India:

• Dhruva Research Reactor: A major facility for neutron scattering research and isotope production.

• Steady State Superconducting Tokamak (SST-1): Located at IPR, it is used for exploring the physics of magnetically confined plasmas for fusion energy.

• Apsara-U: An upgraded reactor providing a high flux of neutrons for various experimental purposes.

Particle Accelerators and Beamlines

HBNI centers house a variety of accelerators used for both fundamental research and medical applications:

• Cyclone-30 at VECC: A 30 MeV medical cyclotron used for the production of isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals.

• Indus-1 and Indus-2 Synchrotrons: Located at RRCAT, these provide high-intensity light for materials research and structural biology.

• ECR Ion Source based Low-to-Medium Energy Ion-Beam Facility: At IOP Bhubaneswar, used for studying ion-matter interactions.

Computational and Clinical Infrastructure

• ANUPAM Supercomputing Facility: BARC houses the PetaFLOP class supercomputer, ANUPAM Atulya, which is utilized for complex nuclear simulations and molecular modeling.

• Proton Therapy Unit at TMC: Commissioned in 2023, this is the first such facility in an Indian government setup, offering advanced radiation therapy for cancer treatment.

• NABL Certified HEPA Filter Test Rig: Located at IGCAR, this serves as a national facility for certifying filters used in strategic industries.

Research Focus and Impactful Breakthroughs (2023-2025)

Research at HBNI is characterized by its high societal relevance, particularly in the fields of healthcare, agriculture, and energy sustainability.

Medical and Biological Innovations

In the 2024-2025 period, HBNI faculty and students at BARC and TMC achieved significant milestones in oncology research:

• BhabhaSphere: Development and clinical translation of $^{90}$Y Yttria Alumino Silicate Glass Microspheres for affordable treatment of liver malignancies.

• Precision Photodynamic Therapy: Novel BODIPY-conjugate dyes for dual imaging of endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets in cancer cells.

• AI in Healthcare: Leveraging artificial intelligence for blood-based detection of neuroendocrine tumors.

• CAR-T Cell Therapy: TMC spearheaded trials leading to the approval of indigenous CAR-T cell therapy in India.

Agricultural and Environmental Contributions

HBNI has leveraged radiation technology to improve national food security and environmental health:

• Mutation Breeding: Improvement and revival of traditional rice landraces through radiation-induced mutation breeding.

• Food Preservation: Innovations leading to cost-effective sea-route shipment of radiation-treated Indian mangoes and mitigation of post-harvest spoilage in onions.

• Plastic Degradation: Development of spectrophotometric assays to monitor the enzymatic activity of plastic-degrading enzymes.

Engineering and Physical Sciences

The institute’s research in core engineering areas continues to support the indigenous development of nuclear technology:

• PFBR Progress: Systematic resolution of issues in the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam.

• LIGO-India Prototype: The IPR LIGO division successfully setup the LI-VISTA facility, an integrated vacuum vessel and test assembly for the upcoming LIGO-India project.

Financial Framework and Funding Ecosystem

HBNI is a financially robust institution, supported primarily by the Department of Atomic Energy. This funding model allows the institute to offer high-level education with minimal financial burden on the students.

Student Funding and Fellowships

The institute ensures that financial constraints do not impede research excellence:

• DAE Fellowships: All Ph.D. students receive fellowships that are at par with or higher than UGC guidelines.

• Foreign Travel Assistance (FTA): HBNI provides financial support to doctoral students for participating in international conferences, symposia, and scientific meetings.

• ANRF Postdoctoral Fellowship: Offers a substantial fellowship of ₹80,000/month plus HRA to Ph.D. holders for research in science and engineering.

Institutional Expenditures

The financial status of HBNI is classified as "Central" and "Deemed." For the year 2022-2023, the institute reported a total expenditure (excluding salary) of approximately ₹76,947 lakhs. A significant portion of these funds is directed toward maintaining the high-end infrastructure and research libraries at its various CIs. For instance, Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) maintains a budget of ₹2–3 crore annually specifically for library resources to support its mathematical and theoretical physics research.

Incubation, Innovation, and Technology Translation

HBNI has moved aggressively to foster an ecosystem of entrepreneurship and technology transfer, aiming to commercialize the "spin-off" technologies developed within the DAE.

HBNI-Industry Linkage Centre (HILC)

Established to facilitate the scaling up of processes and the incubation of new technologies, HILC provides a bridge between academia and industry. Its primary functions include facilitating R&D collaboration, student internships in industry, and consultancy services utilizing the expertise of former DAE scientific experts.

Atal Incubation Centres (AICs)

HBNI centers host specialized incubation facilities incorporated as Section-8 companies with 100% equity holding by the DAE:

• AIC-BARC (Anushakti Foundation): Focuses on diverse nuclear spin-off technologies.

• AIC-RRCAT (PI-HUB Foundation): Dedicated to translating photonics and allied technologies into marketable products.

• AIC-IGCAR (Fast Foundation): Catalyzes incubation in the southern region for technologies related to sensors, robotics, and automation.

• AIC-IPR (Plasmatech Innovation Foundation): Promotes the commercial exploitation of industrial plasma technologies for material processing and environment remediation.

Technology Transfer and IP Management

The Technology Transfer and Collaboration Division (TTCD) at BARC serves as the central node for disseminating know-how to Indian industries. Technologies are often transferred on a non-exclusive basis to encourage wide-scale adoption.

International Collaborations and Strategic Tie-ups

HBNI’s role in "Big Science" necessitates deep integration with international research bodies and prestigious domestic institutions.

Global Big Science Partnerships

• CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research): HBNI faculty and students collaborate on the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, participating in data analysis and component fabrication.

• ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor): India is a partner in this international fusion project, and IPR plays a critical role in providing indigenous contributions, such as vacuum systems and diagnostics.

• LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory): HBNI is part of the global collaboration for the LIGO-India detector, which aims to enhance the detection and localization of gravitational waves.

• IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency): Tata Memorial Centre has been designated as an IAEA "Rays of Hope" Anchor Centre, serving as a hub for knowledge-sharing and capacity-building in cancer care across the Asia-Pacific region.

National Academic Network

HBNI has formal Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with a broad spectrum of prestigious Indian institutes to facilitate joint research and academic mobility:

• Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore

• Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Bombay, Delhi, Madras, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Roorkee, Indore, Hyderabad, and Gandhinagar

• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai

• Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi

• Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai

• Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad

Employability, Placement Cell, and Alumni Success

HBNI graduates possess a unique combination of high-end scientific knowledge and practical technical skills, making them highly sought after in strategic sectors and private R&D.

Placement Dynamics and Salary Trends

The HBNI Placement Cell (HPC) serves as the interface between the graduating students and recruiters. While many students are directly absorbed into DAE units, those pursuing external placements have seen consistent success.

Global Alumni Base and Distinguished Members

The HBNI alumni network is robust and globally distributed, with members serving in leading research labs and industrial giants.

HBNI organizes monthly alumni webinars and "Alumni Ambassador" sessions to guide current students on career opportunities in science and industry.

Institutional Quality and National Recognition

HBNI’s academic and research excellence is reflected in its high standings across national and international ranking frameworks.

Ranking Benchmarks (2024-2025)

The institute is recognized as an "Institution of Excellence" under Section 4(b) of the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006, highlighting its status as a vital national asset.

Governance Milestones and Future Roadmap

Under the current leadership of Vice Chancellor Prof. U. Kamachi Mudali and Dean Prof. A.K. Tyagi, HBNI has initiated several reforms to align with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. This includes the implementation of the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), which has been adopted by centers like IPR, and the introduction of new courses in the Indian Knowledge System (IKS).

The institute celebrated its first formal convocation on June 2, 2025, marking a significant milestone in its maturity as a degree-awarding university. As it moves forward, HBNI aims to further popularize the use of Hindi and local languages in scientific instruction, having already published a comprehensive English-Hindi Nuclear Glossary.

Comprehensive Research Environment and Support

Beyond the technical facilities, HBNI provides a holistic academic environment that integrates professional ethics, gender sensitivity, and social responsibility into the curriculum.

Ethical and Social Framework

The institute organizes periodic lectures on research integrity, plagiarism prevention, and professional values to ensure that its graduates adhere to the highest ethical standards. Dedicated committees, such as the Women Empowerment Committee and the Internal Complaints Committee, ensure a safe and inclusive campus for all.

Specialized Infrastructure at HRI and SINP

While BARC and IGCAR focus on mission-oriented development, HBNI’s grant-in-aid institutions like SINP, HRI, and IMSc provide the necessary theoretical depth:

• SINP, Kolkata: Houses the FRENA facility for nuclear astrophysics and sophisticated labs for biophysical research.

• HRI, Prayagraj: Recognized for its world-class research in String Theory and Number Theory, supported by one of the finest mathematical libraries in India.

• IMSc, Chennai: A global hub for research in Theoretical Physics, Theoretical Computer Science, and Computational Biology.

Summary and Strategic Outlook

The Homi Bhabha National Institute successfully fulfills a dual mandate: providing advanced academic training while supporting the mission-critical objectives of India's Department of Atomic Energy. Its distributed model effectively leverages national R&D assets that are far beyond the reach of traditional universities. With a faculty of over 1,200 renowned scientists and engineers, many of whom are fellows of national and international academies, HBNI ensures that its 3,800+ students are trained at the absolute cutting edge of their fields.

The institute’s evolution from a specialized training school to a top-ranked research university is marked by its impressive research output, significant industrial tie-ups, and a global alumni network that occupies high-ranking positions in academia and industry. As HBNI continues to innovate through its Atal Incubation Centres and align with modern pedagogical standards like NEP 2020, it remains the cornerstone of India’s scientific self-reliance and technological progress in the atomic age. Through its relentless focus on "Excellence with Relevance," HBNI is not only powering the nation’s nuclear future but also contributing significantly to global scientific knowledge and societal welfare.

FAQ’s

1. What is Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI)?

HBNI is a Deemed to be University under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), established to unify premier research and development centers under a single academic framework.

2. When was HBNI established?

It was notified as a Deemed to be University by the Government of India on June 3, 2005, and commenced its academic programs in 2006.

3. Is HBNI a government institution?

Yes, it is a Grant-in-aid Institution of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India.

4. Where is the HBNI headquarters located?

The central office is located in Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra.

5. What is the "distributed structure" of HBNI?

HBNI operates through ten Constituent Institutions (CIs) and three Off-Campus Centres (OCCs) spread across India.

6. Who are the ten Constituent Institutions (CIs)?

The CIs include BARC (Mumbai), IGCAR (Kalpakkam), RRCAT (Indore), VECC (Kolkata), SINP (Kolkata), IPR (Gandhinagar), IOP (Bhubaneswar), HRI (Prayagraj), TMC (Mumbai), and IMSc (Chennai).

7. What are the Off-Campus Centres (OCCs)?

The OCCs are NISER (Bhubaneswar), HBCH & MPMMCC (Varanasi), and HBCH & RC (New Chandigarh).

8. What is HBNI's NAAC accreditation status?

HBNI was accredited with an 'A+' grade (CGPA of 3.4) by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in 2021.

9. What is HBNI's national ranking?

In the NIRF 2025 rankings, HBNI placed 7th in the Research category, 12th in the University category, and 20th in the Overall category.

10. What is the mission of HBNI?

Its mission is to encourage excellence in sciences and mathematics to progress indigenous nuclear technological capability.

11. What types of degrees does HBNI offer?

HBNI offers Ph.D., Integrated Ph.D., M.Tech., M.Sc. (Engineering Sciences), M.Sc., Integrated M.Sc., MD, DM, M.Ch., and various Post-Graduate Diplomas.

12. What is M.Sc. (Engineering Sciences)?

This is a research-intensive program tailored for DAE employees, requiring 1.5 years of project work and one year of coursework.

13. Does HBNI offer undergraduate courses?

It primarily offers post-graduate and doctoral programs, but NISER (Bhubaneswar) offers a 5-year Integrated M.Sc. for students after the 12th grade.

14. In which disciplines can one pursue a Ph.D.?

Ph.D. programs are available in Chemical, Engineering, Life, Mathematical, Medical & Health, and Physical Sciences, as well as Applied Systems Analysis.

15. What is the duration of a Ph.D. program?

The duration typically ranges from 3 to 5 years.

16. Is there an Integrated Ph.D. program?

Yes, it is offered in disciplines like Theoretical Physics, Computer Science, and Life Sciences at centers like IMSc and NISER.

17. What medical degrees are offered through HBNI?

Through the Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), HBNI offers MD, DM, and M.Ch. in specialized oncology domains.

18. Are there any nursing or clinical research programs?

Yes, TMC offers M.Sc. in Nursing (Oncology) and M.Sc. in Clinical Research.

19. What is the "Anuvidhya" portal?

It is the online platform used for student enrollment and document submission at HBNI.

20. Are there any unique diploma programs?

HBNI offers specialized diplomas like the PG Diploma in Radiological Physics (Dip.R.P.) and Fusion Imaging Technology.

21. How do I apply for the Integrated M.Sc. program at NISER?

Admission is conducted through the National Entrance Screening Test (NEST).

22. What are the eligibility criteria for M.Tech programs?

Candidates generally need a B.E. or B.Tech with at least 60% aggregate and a valid GATE score or selection through the BARC Training School.

23. What is the admission process for Ph.D. programs?

Selection is based on national exams like GATE, JEST, or CSIR-UGC-NET, followed by a personal interview.

24. How are medical students selected for MD/DM/M.Ch.?

Admission is strictly based on the NEET-PG or NEET-SS entrance examinations.

25. Is there a common entrance test for all HBNI programs?

No, different programs use different national-level tests (GATE, NEST, JEST, NEET) or specific internal screening like TREAT for certain Ph.D. tracks.

26. Can DAE employees pursue higher studies at HBNI?

Yes, specialized programs like M.Sc. (Engg.) are specifically designed for DAE employees.

27. What is the OCES/DGFS scheme?

These are training schemes for engineering and science graduates; successful completion allows enrollment in M.Tech or Ph.D. programs at HBNI.

28. Is there an application fee for HBNI programs?

Fees vary by program; for example, some Ph.D. application processes involve a fee of approximately INR 5,000.

29. What documents are required for admission?

Typical requirements include mark sheets (10th, 12th, Degree), certificates, proof of birth date, and a research proposal for doctoral applicants.

30. Does HBNI accept international students?

While primarily for Indian citizens, HBNI has provisions for collaborations, and international applicants should check specific program guidelines.

31. Do Ph.D. students receive financial support?

Yes, all Ph.D. students receive DAE fellowships at par with or higher than UGC guidelines.

32. What is the fellowship amount for the ANRF National Postdoctoral Fellowship?

As of early 2026, the fellowship offers INR 80,000 per month plus HRA.

33. Is there support for international conference travel?

HBNI provides Foreign Travel Assistance (FTA) to doctoral students to participate in international symposia and scientific meetings.

34. Are there tuition fees for HBNI programs?

Most academic programs run by HBNI do not charge a tuition fee.

35. What is the DAE Doctoral Fellowship Scheme (DDFS)?

It is a specialized fellowship for engineering postgraduates to pursue a Ph.D. under the guidance of DAE scientists and technologists.

36. What unique mega-facilities do HBNI students access?

Students have access to research reactors (Dhruva), particle accelerators, and tokamaks (SST-1).

37. What is "Dhruva"?

It is a high-flux research reactor at BARC used for neutron scattering research and isotope production.

38. What is the SST-1 facility?

The Steady State Superconducting Tokamak (SST-1) is located at IPR for fusion plasma research.

39. Does HBNI have supercomputing facilities?

Yes, BARC houses the ANUPAM Atulya PetaFLOP class supercomputer for advanced simulations.

40. Are there specialized medical research facilities?

TMC houses advanced infrastructure for oncology, including India's first government-setup proton therapy unit.

41. What is the HBNI Placement Cell (HPC)?

HPC is the nodal point for companies seeking to recruit HBNI students and organizes training and industry engagement.

42. What is the median salary for M.Tech graduates?

The median salary for PG 2-year students (including M.Tech) was reported as INR 14.40 LPA in 2024.

43. What is the placement rate at HBNI?

Recent data shows a placement rate of approximately 76% to 81% for PG 2-year courses.

44. Does HBNI have a formal alumni association?

Yes, HBNI has an active alumni group that organizes monthly webinars and "Alumni Ambassador" sessions.

45. Who are some notable HBNI alumni?

Notable members include Dr. Dinesh Srivastava (Chief Executive, NFC) and Prof. Rajeev Ahuja (Director, IIT Ropar).

46. What is the HBNI-Industry Linkage Centre (HILC)?

HILC was established in 2022 to facilitate technology translation, industry internships, and consultancy services.

47. Does HBNI have incubation centers?

Yes, it hosts four Atal Incubation Centres (AICs) at BARC, IGCAR, RRCAT, and IPR to support deep-tech startups.

48. How does HBNI collaborate with international organizations?

HBNI is deeply involved in global "Big Science" projects like CERN (Large Hadron Collider), ITER (fusion energy), and LIGO (gravitational waves).

49. Does HBNI have MoUs with Indian institutes?

Yes, it has formal agreements with IISc, various IITs, TIFR, and ICT Mumbai for joint research and academic mobility.

50. How is HBNI implementing the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020?

HBNI has implemented the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), introduced Indian Knowledge System (IKS) courses, and promotes instruction in local languages.