The Role of a Code of Ethics for Defining a Profession
Challenges to Ethical Behavior
The Need for High Ethical Standards in the Investment Industry
Ethical vs. Legal Standards
CFA® Ethical Decision-Making Framework
Structure of the CFA® Institute Professional Conduct Program
Components of the Code of Ethics® and the Standards of Professional Conduct®
Ethical Responsibilities Required by the Code and Standards
Practice Questions (Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct)
Practice Questions with Answers (Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional..)
Professionalism I A Knowledge Of The Law
Professionalism I B Independence and Objectivity
Professionalism I C Misrepresentation
Professionalism I D Misconduct
Integrity of Capital Markets II A Material Non-Public Information
Integrity of Capital Markets II B Market Manipulation
Duties to Clients III A Loyalty Prudence and Care
Duties to Clients III B Fair Dealing
Duties to Clients III C Suitability
Duties to Clients III D Performance Presentation
Duties to Clients III E Preservation of Confidentiality
Duties to Employers IV A Loyalty
Duties to Employers IV B Additional Compensation Arrangements
Duties to Employers IV C Responsibilities of Supervisors
Investment Analysis Recommendations and Actions V A Diligence and Reasonable
Investment Analysis Recommendations and Actions V B Communication With Client
Investment Analysis Recommendations and Actions V C Record Retention
Conflicts of Interest VI A Disclosure of Conflicts
Conflicts of Interest VI B Priority of Transactions
Conflicts of Interest VI C Referral Fees
Responsibilities as a CFA® Institute Member or CFA® Candidate VII A
Responsibilities as a CFA® Institute Member or CFA® Candidate VII B
Standards of Professional Conduct - Overview
Fundamentals of Compliance
Overview of the Global Investment Performance Standards®
Practice Questions (Global Investment Performance Standards®)
Practice Questions with Answers (Global Investment Performance Standards®)
How to Use a Timeline to Depict Time Value of Money Problems
How to Interpret Interest Rates
Interest Rates as the Sum of Several Components
Calculate and Interpret an Investment's Effective Annual Rate
The Relationship between PV and FV
Solving Different Time Value of Money Problems
The Importance of Compounding Frequencies
FV and PV of Unequal Cash Flows
Calculate the Monthly Payment of a Mortgage Loan
Let's Calculate the Number of Years it Takes to Achieve a Financial Goal
What is the Rate of Return of an Investment?
The Cash Flow Additivity Principle
Practice Questions (Quantitative Methods - Time Value of Money)
Practice Questions (Answers with explanations)
How to Interpret the Net Present Value (NPV)
Calculate an Investment's Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
The Holding Period Return
The Money-Weighted Rate of Return
The Time-Weighted Rate of Return
Evaluate the Performance of Money Market Instruments
Alternatives to the Bank Discount Yield
Convert Among Yield Measures
Practice Questions (Quantitative Methods - Discounted cash flow applications)
Practice Questions (Answers with explanations)
Fundamental Concepts of Statistics
Parameter Sample statistic and Frequency Distribution
Interpret Frequency Distributions
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Central Tendency - Mean Median Mode
Quartiles Quintiles Deciles and Percentiles
Range and Mean Absolute Deviation
Variance and Standard Deviation
Semi-variance and Semi-deviation
Coefficient of Variation and Sharpe Ratio
Behavior of the Mean Median and Mode
Compare the Use of Arithmetic and Geometric Means
The Two Defining Properties of Probability
Defining Probabilities as Odds
Dependent Events vs. Independent Events
The Total Probability Rule
Summary Lesson: Addition Multiplication and Total Probability Rules
Practical example: Total Probability Rule
Conditional Expectation in Investment Applications
The Relationship between Financial Securities
Calculating the Variance of a Random Variable
Portfolio Expected Returns and Variance
Covariance Based on a Joint Probability Function
Defining a Random Variable
Discrete and Continuous Random Variable
Cumulative Distribution Function
Uniform Bernoulli and Binomial Random Variables
Discrete Distribution Functions
Discrete Uniform Distribution
Continuous Uniform Distribution
Properties of the Normal Distribution
Univariate vs. Multivariate Distributions
Comparison between Conclusions Draw with Chebyshev and Normal Distribution
Standard Normal Distribution
Using Z-values to Calculate Probabilities
Safety-first Ratio Roy's Criterion for Portfolio Optimization
Discrete vs. Continuous Compounding
Stratified Random Sampling
Time Series vs. Cross-sectional Data
Standard Error of the Sample Mean
Estimator of a Population Parameter
Calculating Confidence Intervals - Known Variance
Calculating Confidence Intervals - Unknown Variance
Calculating Confidence Intervals - Variance Unknown Large Sample Size
Defining Hypothesis Testing
One and Two-sided Hypothesis Tests
What Is a Test Statistic?
The Type I and Type II Errors. Definition of Significance Level
How Do We Measure the Power of a Test?
The Relation Between Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests
Statistically vs. Economically Meaningful Results
How Do We Measure and Use P-values?
Hypothesis Testing - Variance Known
Hypothesis Testing - Variance Unknown
Hypothesis Testing - Equality of Means (Equal and Unknown Variances)
Hypothesis Testing - Equality of Means (Unequal and Unknown Variances)
Hypothesis Testing - The Difference of Two Means
Testing for the Variance - Chi-Square Test
Parametric vs. Nonparametric Tests
Corporate Governance: Description
Stakeholder Groups and Their Interests
Board of Directors Committees
Factors Influencing Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance: Risks and Benefits
Principles of Corporate Governance Analysis
Environmental Factors and Social Considerations in Investment Analysis
ESG Investing vs Fiduciary Duties
Practice Questions (Corporate Governance and ESG: An Introduction)
Practice Questions (Answers with explanations)
The Capital Budgeting Process
Basic Principles of Capital Budgeting
Engaging with Multiple Projects at a Time
Net Present Value: Example
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Discounted Payback Period (DPBP)
Average Accounting Rate of Return (AAR)
Compare the NPV and IRR Methods
Problems Associated with IRR
The Relation Between NPV and Share Price
Practice Questions (Capital Budgeting)
Practice Questions (Answers with explanations)
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
Effect of Taxes on the Cost of Capital
Use of Target Capital Structure in Estimating WACC
Marginal Cost of Capital (MCC)
The MCC's Role in Determining the NPV
Calculate the Cost of Debt
Calculate the Cost of Equity
Calculate the Cost of Equity with the Dividend Discount Model
Bond Yield Plus Risk Premium Approach
Calculate and Interpret Beta
Calculate a Project's Beta
Estimate the Cost of Equity for Developing Countries
Marginal Cost of Capital Schedule
Practice Questions (Cost of Capital)
Practice Questions (Answers with explanations)
Business and Financial Risk
Calculate the Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL)
Calculate the Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL)
Calculate the Degree of Total Leverage (DTL)
The Effect of Financial Leverage on a Company's NI and ROE
Calculate the Breakeven Quantity of Sales
Calculate the Operating Breakeven Quantity of Sales
Practice Questions (Measures of Leverage)
Practice Questions (Answers with explanations)
Working Capital Management (Overview)
Working Capital Management (Definition)
Liquidity Analysis (Example)
Operating and Cash Conversion Cycles
Yields on Short-Term Securities
Investment Policy Statement
Accounts Receivable Management
Accounts Payable Management
Short-term Bank Funding Sources
Short-term Non-bank Funding Sources
Practice questions (Working Capital Management)
Practice questions (Working Captial Management)-answers
Income and Substitution Effects
Exceptions to the Law of Demand
Diminishing Marginal Returns
Break-even and Shutdown Analysis
Economies and Diseconomies of Scale
Practice Questions (Demand and Supply Analysis)
Practice Questions with Answers (Demand and Supply Analysis)
GDP Calculation (Continued)
Fiscal Balance and Trade Balance
Shifts in Aggregate Demand
Shifts in Aggregate Supply
The Macroeconomic Equilibrium
The Effect of Combined Changes in AD and AS
Sources of Economic Growth
Practice Questions (Aggregate Output Prices and Economic Growth)
Practice Questions with Answers (Aggregate Output Prices and Economic Growth)
Resource Use and the Business Cycle
Housing Market and the Business Cycle
External Trade Sector and the Business Cycle
Theories of the Business Cycle
Indexes Used to Measure Inflation
Uses and Limitations of Inflation Measures
Cost-Push and Demand-Pull Inflation
Practice Questions (Understanding Business Cycles)
Practice Questions with Answers (Understanding Business Cycles)
Introduction to Monetary and Fiscal Policy
The Money Creation Process
The Quantity Theory of Money
Theories of Money Demand and Supply
Roles and Objectives of Central Banks
Costs of Expected and Unexpected Inflation
The Monetary Transmission Mechanism
Qualities of Effective Central Banks
Monetary Policy and Economic Growth
Inflation Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Targeting
Expansionary vs Contractionary Monetary Policy
Monetary Policy Limitations
Roles and Objectives of Fiscal Policy
Modeling the Impact of Taxes and Government Spending
The Ricardian Equivalence
National Debt-to-GDP Indicator
Fiscal Policy Limitations
Expansionary vs Contractionary Fiscal Policy
Monetary and Fiscal Policy Interaction
Practice Questions (Monetary and Fiscal Policy)
Practice Questions with Answers (Monetary and Fiscal Policy)
Gross Domestic Product vs Gross National Product
Costs and Benefits of International Trade
Absolute vs. Comparative Advantage
Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin Models of Trade
Balance of Payments (continued)
International Trade Organizations
Practice Questions (International Trade and Capital Flows)
Practice Questions with Answers (International Trade and Capital Flows)
Alternative Investments vs. Traditional Investments
Categories of Alternative Investments
Other Classes of Alternative Investments
Benefits of Alternative Investments
Hedge Funds - Fees and Returns
Valuation of Alternative Investments
Risk Management of Alternative Investments
Practice Questions (Introduction to Alternative Investments)
Practice Questions with Answers (Introduction to Alternative Investments)